Īt nearly the same time in the US, Charles R. Later, Tokuji Hayakawa's company got its name from that pencil: Sharp. The Ever-Ready Sharp began selling in huge numbers after a company from Tokyo and Osaka made large orders. Success was not immediate since the metal shaft-essential for the pencil's long life-was unfamiliar to users. It was introduced as the "Ever-Ready Sharp Pencil". The mechanical pencil became successful in Japan with some improvements in 1915 by Tokuji Hayakawa, a metalworker who had just finished his apprenticeship. Eventually, 1.3 and 1.4 mm mechanisms were available, and 0.4 and 0.2 versions are now produced. The 0.9 mm lead was introduced in 1938, and later it was followed by 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 sizes. The first spring-loaded mechanical pencil was patented in 1877 and a twist-feed mechanism was developed in 1895. His company continued to manufacture pencils and a wide range of silver objects until World War II, when the factory was bombed.īetween 18, more than 160 patents were registered pertaining to a variety of improvements to mechanical pencils. After 1837, Mordan ended his partnership with Riddle and continued to manufacture pencils as "S. The earliest Mordan pencils are thus hallmarked SMGR. After buying out Hawkins' patent rights, Mordan entered into a business partnership with Gabriel Riddle from 1823 to 1837. The first patent for a refillable pencil with lead-propelling mechanism was issued to Sampson Mordan and John Isaac Hawkins in Britain in 1822. The earliest extant example of a mechanical pencil was found aboard the wreckage of HMS Pandora, which sank in 1791.
Mechanical pencils were first used in the 18th century, with many designs patented in the 19th and 20th centuries.ĭetail of the first patent for a mechanical pencil of Sampson Mordan, 1822Ĭonrad Gesner described a lead holder pencil in 1565, but the lead had to be manually adjusted to sharpen it. Since they do not have to be sharpened, they are also very popular with students. They have also been used for fine-art drawing. Mechanical pencils are used to provide lines of constant width without sharpening in technical drawing and in quick, neat writing. Other names include microtip pencil, automatic pencil, drafting pencil, technical pencil, click pencil, pump pen, pump pencil, leadholder, pacer (Australian English), propelling pencil (British and Australian English), pen pencil (Indian English), and lead pencil (Bangladeshi and American English).
The lead, often made of graphite, is not bonded to the outer casing, and can be mechanically extended as its point is worn away as it is being used. A typical construction of a ratchet-based mechanical pencilĪ mechanical pencil, also clutch pencil, is a pencil with a replaceable and mechanically extendable solid pigment core called a "lead" / ˈ l ɛ d/.
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